G9: persist Japanese menu language without bundled fonts

ROADMAP.md

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 # Roadmap
 
+- 2026-10-06: Settings ▸ General ▸ Language persists English/Japanese menu labels (`general.language`); native UI reuses installed Japanese font fallback, with no bundled CJK font. Dialog and panel contents remain English.
+
 EffectCraft aims to do what After Effects does, with the same panels, menus and behaviour, written
 from scratch in Rust. This is where it stands. The milestones overlap; several are worked on at
 once.

apps/effectcraft/src/native_menu.rs

@@ -94,8 +94,8 @@ impl NativeBar {
                 let sub = Submenu::new(label, true);
                 self.fill(&sub, children);
                 match label.as_str() {
-                    "Window" => sub.set_as_windows_menu_for_nsapp(),
-                    "Help" => sub.set_as_help_menu_for_nsapp(),
+                    "Window" | "ウィンドウ" => sub.set_as_windows_menu_for_nsapp(),
+                    "Help" | "ヘルプ" => sub.set_as_help_menu_for_nsapp(),
                     _ => {}
                 }
                 if let Err(e) = menu.append(&sub) {

crates/engine/src/prefs.rs

@@ -44,6 +44,8 @@ macro_rules! page {
 }
 
 page!(General {
+    /// Interface language (`en` or `ja`).
+    language: String = "en".into(),
     /// Levels of Undo (1–99).
     undo_levels: u32 = 32,
     /// Path Point and Handle Size (px).
@@ -415,6 +417,9 @@ impl Prefs {
     pub fn normalize(&mut self) {
         self.version = PREFS_VERSION;
         let g = &mut self.general;
+        if !matches!(g.language.as_str(), "en" | "ja") {
+            g.language = "en".into();
+        }
         g.undo_levels = g.undo_levels.clamp(1, 99);
         g.path_point_size = g.path_point_size.clamp(3, 20);
         g.recent_items = g.recent_items.clamp(1, 30);
@@ -453,6 +458,9 @@ impl Prefs {
 
     /// Set the value at a dotted key. The key must exist and the value must have its type.
     pub fn set(&mut self, key: &str, value: Value) -> Result<(), String> {
+        if key == "general.language" && !matches!(value.as_str(), Some("en" | "ja")) {
+            return Err("`general.language` expects `en` or `ja`".into());
+        }
         let mut v = serde_json::to_value(&*self).map_err(|e| e.to_string())?;
         let ptr = format!("/{}", key.replace('.', "/"));
         let slot = v.pointer_mut(&ptr).ok_or_else(|| format!("unknown setting `{key}`"))?;
@@ -877,6 +885,7 @@ pub fn pages() -> Vec<Page> {
             id: "general",
             title: "General",
             items: vec![
+                s("general.language", "Language", Kind::Choice(&[("English", "en"), ("日本語", "ja")]), true),
                 s("general.undoLevels", "Levels of Undo", Kind::Int(1, 99, ""), true),
                 s("general.pathPointSize", "Path Point and Handle Size", Kind::Int(3, 20, "px"), true),
                 s("general.recentItems", "Recent Projects Shown", Kind::Int(1, 30, ""), true),

crates/engine/src/tests_settings.rs

@@ -486,3 +486,25 @@ fn memory_tick_never_waits_for_the_system() {
         assert!(got.is_some_and(|m| m.total > 0), "the reading arrives in the background");
     }
 }
+
+#[test]
+fn interface_language_is_validated_persisted_and_backward_compatible() {
+    let store = Arc::new(MemoryConfig::default());
+    let mut s = Session { config: Some(store.clone()), ..Default::default() };
+    assert_eq!(s.prefs.general.language, "en");
+    s.execute("prefs.set", json!({"key": "general.language", "value": "ja"})).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(s.execute("prefs.get", json!({"key": "general.language"})).unwrap(), json!("ja"));
+    let saved = store.read(PREFS_FILE).unwrap();
+    for bad in [json!("fr"), json!(""), json!(17), json!(null)] {
+        assert!(s.execute("prefs.set", json!({"key": "general.language", "value": bad})).is_err());
+        assert_eq!(s.prefs.general.language, "ja");
+        assert_eq!(store.read(PREFS_FILE).unwrap(), saved);
+    }
+    let mut reloaded = Session { config: Some(store), ..Default::default() };
+    reloaded.load_settings();
+    assert_eq!(reloaded.prefs.general.language, "ja");
+    reloaded.execute("prefs.reset", json!({"page": "general"})).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(reloaded.prefs.general.language, "en");
+    assert_eq!(Prefs::from_json(r#"{"general":{"undoLevels":17}}"#).general.language, "en");
+    assert_eq!(Prefs::from_json(r#"{"general":{"language":"unknown"}}"#).general.language, "en");
+}

crates/ui-egui/src/i18n.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,764 @@
+//! Japanese menu labels for EffectCraft's own engine tree. Commands remain locale-independent.
+//! A command plus its source label distinguishes parameterised entries (e.g. blend modes).
+//! Empty command keys identify submenus. Dynamic filenames, user names and effect plug-in names
+//! remain verbatim; this catalog only translates the fixed menu tree.
+
+use crate::EffectcraftApp;
+use effectcraft_engine::menus::MenuEntry;
+
+pub(crate) fn japanese(app: &EffectcraftApp) -> bool {
+    app.session.prefs.general.language == "ja"
+}
+
+pub(crate) fn label<'a>(app: &EffectcraftApp, command: &str, source: &'a str) -> &'a str {
+    if japanese(app) { JAPANESE.iter().find(|(id, en, _)| *id == command && *en == source).map(|(_, _, ja)| *ja).unwrap_or(source) } else { source }
+}
+
+pub(crate) fn entry(app: &EffectcraftApp, e: &MenuEntry, shown: String) -> String {
+    if !japanese(app) {
+        return shown;
+    }
+    match e.command.as_str() {
+        "edit.undo" => app.session.history.undo.last().map(|u| format!("取り消し {}", u.0)).unwrap_or_else(|| "取り消しできません".into()),
+        "edit.redo" => app.session.history.redo.last().map(|u| format!("やり直し {}", u.0)).unwrap_or_else(|| "やり直しできません".into()),
+        "window.panel" => {
+            let prefix = format!("{}: ", e.label);
+            if let Some(name) = shown.strip_prefix(&prefix) {
+                format!("{}: {name}", label(app, &e.command, &e.label))
+            } else {
+                label(app, &e.command, &shown).into()
+            }
+        }
+        _ if shown == e.label => label(app, &e.command, &e.label).into(),
+        // A computed label can contain a user's filename, layer or workspace name. Do not
+        // look it up as a source label (a layer literally named "File" must stay "File").
+        _ => shown,
+    }
+}
+
+pub(crate) fn submenu(app: &EffectcraftApp, source: &str, shown: String) -> String {
+    if japanese(app) {
+        if source == "Assign Shortcut to Workspace" {
+            if let Some(name) = shown.strip_prefix("Assign Shortcut to “").and_then(|s| s.strip_suffix("” Workspace")) {
+                return format!("ワークスペース「{name}」にショートカットを割り当て");
+            }
+        } else if source == "Assign Shortcut to 3D View"
+            && let Some(name) = shown.strip_prefix("Assign Shortcut to “").and_then(|s| s.strip_suffix('”'))
+        {
+            return format!("「{name}」にショートカットを割り当て");
+        }
+    }
+    label(app, "", &shown).into()
+}
+
+const JAPANESE: &[(&str, &str, &str)] = &[
+    ("", "EffectCraft", "EffectCraft"),
+    ("app.about", "About EffectCraft...", "EffectCraftについて..."),
+    ("", "Settings...", "設定..."),
+    ("app.settings", "General...", "一般..."),
+    ("app.settings", "Startup & Repair...", "起動と修復..."),
+    ("app.settings", "Project...", "プロジェクト..."),
+    ("app.settings", "Composition...", "コンポジション..."),
+    ("app.settings", "Previews...", "プレビュー..."),
+    ("app.settings", "Appearance...", "アピアランス..."),
+    ("app.settings", "Grids & Guides...", "グリッドとガイド..."),
+    ("app.settings", "Labels...", "ラベル..."),
+    ("app.settings", "Type...", "テキスト..."),
+    ("app.settings", "Import...", "読み込み..."),
+    ("app.settings", "Export...", "書き出し..."),
+    ("app.settings", "Audio...", "オーディオ..."),
+    ("app.settings", "Disk...", "ディスク..."),
+    ("app.settings", "Memory & CPU...", "メモリとCPU..."),
+    ("app.settings", "Video...", "ビデオ..."),
+    ("app.settings", "3D...", "3D..."),
+    ("app.settings", "Scripting & Expressions...", "スクリプトとエクスプレッション..."),
+    ("app.hide", "Hide EffectCraft", "EffectCraftを隠す"),
+    ("app.hideOthers", "Hide Others", "ほかを隠す"),
+    ("app.showAll", "Show All", "すべてを表示"),
+    ("app.quit", "Quit EffectCraft", "EffectCraftを終了"),
+    ("", "File", "ファイル"),
+    ("", "New", "新規"),
+    ("file.newProject", "New Project", "新規プロジェクト"),
+    ("file.newFromTemplate", "New Project from Template...", "テンプレートから新規プロジェクト..."),
+    ("project.newFolder", "New Folder", "新規フォルダー"),
+    ("file.open", "Open Project...", "プロジェクトを開く..."),
+    ("", "Open Recent", "最近使用したプロジェクトを開く"),
+    ("file.clearRecent", "Clear Recent Projects", "最近使用したプロジェクトを消去"),
+    ("file.close", "Close", "閉じる"),
+    ("file.closeProject", "Close Project", "プロジェクトを閉じる"),
+    ("file.save", "Save", "保存"),
+    ("", "Save As", "別名で保存"),
+    ("file.saveAs", "Save As...", "別名で保存..."),
+    ("file.saveCopy", "Save a Copy...", "コピーを保存..."),
+    ("file.saveCopyAsXml", "Save a Copy As XML...", "コピーをXMLとして保存..."),
+    ("templates.saveAs", "Save as Template...", "テンプレートとして保存..."),
+    ("file.incrementAndSave", "Increment and Save", "増分保存"),
+    ("file.revert", "Revert", "復帰"),
+    ("", "Import", "読み込み"),
+    ("file.import", "File...", "ファイル..."),
+    ("file.importMultiple", "Multiple Files...", "複数のファイル..."),
+    ("file.importTimeline", "Adobe Premiere Pro Project...", "Adobe Premiere Proプロジェクト..."),
+    ("file.importPlaceholder", "Placeholder...", "プレースホルダー..."),
+    ("file.importSolid", "Solid...", "平面..."),
+    ("file.importLottie", "Lottie...", "Lottie..."),
+    ("file.importVanishingPoint", "Vanishing Point (.vpe)...", "Vanishing Point (.vpe)..."),
+    ("essential.importTemplate", "Essential Graphics Template...", "エッセンシャルグラフィックステンプレート..."),
+    ("", "Import Recent Footage", "最近使用したフッテージを読み込み"),
+    ("file.clearRecentFootage", "Clear Recent Footage", "最近使用したフッテージを消去"),
+    ("", "Export", "書き出し"),
+    ("renderQueue.add", "Add to Render Queue", "レンダーキューに追加"),
+    ("file.exportTimeline", "Adobe Premiere Pro Project...", "Adobe Premiere Proプロジェクト..."),
+    ("file.exportLottie", "Lottie JSON...", "Lottie JSON..."),
+    ("essential.exportTemplate", "Essential Graphics Template...", "エッセンシャルグラフィックステンプレート..."),
+    ("app.find", "Find", "検索"),
+    ("layer.addItem", "Add Footage to Comp", "フッテージをコンポジションに追加"),
+    ("file.newCompFromSelection", "New Comp from Selection...", "選択範囲から新規コンポジション..."),
+    ("", "Dependencies", "依存関係"),
+    ("file.collectFiles", "Collect Files...", "ファイルを収集..."),
+    ("file.consolidateFootage", "Consolidate All Footage", "すべてのフッテージを統合"),
+    ("file.removeUnusedFootage", "Remove Unused Footage", "未使用のフッテージを削除"),
+    ("file.reduceProject", "Reduce Project", "プロジェクトを整理"),
+    ("file.findMissing", "Find Missing Effects", "見つからないエフェクトを検索"),
+    ("file.findMissing", "Find Missing Fonts", "見つからないフォントを検索"),
+    ("file.findMissing", "Find Missing Footage", "見つからないフッテージを検索"),
+    ("file.watchFolder", "Watch Folder...", "監視フォルダー..."),
+    ("", "Scripts", "スクリプト"),
+    ("file.installScript", "Install Script File...", "スクリプトファイルをインストール..."),
+    ("file.installScriptUIPanel", "Install ScriptUI Panel...", "ScriptUIパネルをインストール..."),
+    ("file.runScript", "Run Script File...", "スクリプトファイルを実行..."),
+    ("", "Create Proxy", "プロキシを作成"),
+    ("file.createProxy", "Still...", "静止画..."),
+    ("file.createProxy", "Movie...", "ムービー..."),
+    ("", "Set Proxy", "プロキシを設定"),
+    ("file.setProxy", "File...", "ファイル..."),
+    ("file.setProxyNone", "None", "なし"),
+    ("", "Interpret Footage", "フッテージを変換"),
+    ("file.interpretFootage", "Main...", "メイン..."),
+    ("file.interpretProxy", "Proxy...", "プロキシ..."),
+    ("file.rememberInterpretation", "Remember Interpretation", "変換設定を記憶"),
+    ("file.applyInterpretation", "Apply Interpretation", "変換設定を適用"),
+    ("", "Replace Footage", "フッテージを置き換え"),
+    ("file.replaceFootage", "File...", "ファイル..."),
+    ("file.replaceWithPlaceholder", "Placeholder...", "プレースホルダー..."),
+    ("file.replaceWithSolid", "Solid...", "平面..."),
+    ("file.replaceWithLayeredComp", "With Layered Comp", "レイヤーを含むコンポジションに置き換え"),
+    ("file.reloadFootage", "Reload Footage", "フッテージを再読み込み"),
+    ("file.revealInFinder", "Reveal in Finder", "Finderで表示"),
+    ("file.projectSettings", "Project Settings...", "プロジェクト設定..."),
+    ("app.quit", "Exit", "終了"),
+    ("", "Edit", "編集"),
+    ("edit.undo", "Undo", "取り消し"),
+    ("edit.redo", "Redo", "やり直し"),
+    ("", "History", "履歴"),
+    ("app.commandPalette", "Quick Apply...", "クイック適用..."),
+    ("edit.cut", "Cut", "カット"),
+    ("edit.copy", "Copy", "コピー"),
+    ("edit.copyWithPropertyLinks", "Copy with Property Links", "プロパティリンク付きでコピー"),
+    ("edit.copyWithRelativePropertyLinks", "Copy with Relative Property Links", "相対プロパティリンク付きでコピー"),
+    ("edit.copyExpressionOnly", "Copy Expression Only", "エクスプレッションのみをコピー"),
+    ("edit.paste", "Paste", "ペースト"),
+    ("edit.pasteReversedKeyframes", "Paste Reversed Keyframes", "逆順にキーフレームをペースト"),
+    ("edit.pasteTextMatchFormatting", "Paste Text and Match Formatting", "書式を合わせてテキストをペースト"),
+    ("edit.pasteTextFormattingOnly", "Paste Text Formatting Only", "テキストの書式のみをペースト"),
+    ("edit.clear", "Clear", "消去"),
+    ("edit.duplicate", "Duplicate", "複製"),
+    ("edit.splitLayer", "Split Layer", "レイヤーを分割"),
+    ("edit.liftWorkArea", "Lift Work Area", "ワークエリアをリフト"),
+    ("edit.extractWorkArea", "Extract Work Area", "ワークエリアを抽出"),
+    ("edit.selectAll", "Select All", "すべてを選択"),
+    ("edit.deselectAll", "Deselect All", "すべての選択を解除"),
+    ("", "Label", "ラベル"),
+    ("edit.selectLabelGroup", "Select Label Group", "ラベルグループを選択"),
+    ("edit.label", "None", "なし"),
+    ("edit.label", "Red", "レッド"),
+    ("edit.label", "Yellow", "イエロー"),
+    ("edit.label", "Aqua", "アクア"),
+    ("edit.label", "Pink", "ピンク"),
+    ("edit.label", "Lavender", "ラベンダー"),
+    ("edit.label", "Peach", "ピーチ"),
+    ("edit.label", "Sea Foam", "シーフォーム"),
+    ("edit.label", "Blue", "ブルー"),
+    ("edit.label", "Green", "グリーン"),
+    ("edit.label", "Purple", "パープル"),
+    ("edit.label", "Orange", "オレンジ"),
+    ("edit.label", "Brown", "ブラウン"),
+    ("edit.label", "Fuchsia", "フクシア"),
+    ("edit.label", "Cyan", "シアン"),
+    ("edit.label", "Sandstone", "サンドストーン"),
+    ("edit.label", "Dark Green", "ダークグリーン"),
+    ("app.settings", "Edit Label Colors...", "ラベルカラーを編集..."),
+    ("", "Select Keyframe Label Group", "キーフレームのラベルグループを選択"),
+    ("keys.selectLabelGroup", "On Selected Layers", "選択したレイヤー上"),
+    ("keys.selectLabelGroup", "On All Layers", "すべてのレイヤー上"),
+    ("keys.selectLabelGroup", "Visible Keyframes on Selected Layers", "選択したレイヤー上の表示キーフレーム"),
+    ("keys.selectLabelGroup", "Visible Keyframes on All Layers", "すべてのレイヤー上の表示キーフレーム"),
+    ("", "Purge", "キャッシュを消去"),
+    ("edit.purge", "All Cache...", "すべてのキャッシュ..."),
+    ("edit.purge", "All Memory & Disk Cache...", "すべてのメモリおよびディスクキャッシュ..."),
+    ("edit.purge", "All Memory", "すべてのメモリ"),
+    ("edit.purge", "All Disk Cache...", "すべてのディスクキャッシュ..."),
+    ("edit.purge", "All 3D Cache...", "すべての3Dキャッシュ..."),
+    ("edit.purgeUndo", "Undo", "取り消し"),
+    ("edit.purge", "Image Cache Memory", "イメージキャッシュメモリ"),
+    ("edit.purge", "Snapshot", "スナップショット"),
+    ("edit.editOriginal", "Edit Original...", "オリジナルを編集..."),
+    ("", "Templates", "テンプレート"),
+    ("app.templates", "Render Settings...", "レンダリング設定..."),
+    ("app.templates", "Output Module...", "出力モジュール..."),
+    ("app.keyboardShortcuts", "Keyboard Shortcuts", "キーボードショートカット"),
+    ("", "Preferences", "環境設定"),
+    ("", "Composition", "コンポジション"),
+    ("comp.new", "New Composition...", "新規コンポジション..."),
+    ("comp.settings", "Composition Settings...", "コンポジション設定..."),
+    ("comp.setPosterTime", "Set Poster Time", "ポスター時間を設定"),
+    ("comp.trimToWorkArea", "Trim Comp to Work Area", "コンポジションをワークエリアにトリミング"),
+    ("comp.cropToRegionOfInterest", "Crop Comp to Region of Interest", "コンポジションを目標範囲にクロップ"),
+    ("comp.cropToLayerBounds", "Crop Comp to Selected Layer(s) Bounds", "コンポジションを選択レイヤーの境界にクロップ"),
+    ("render.addOutputModule", "Add Output Module", "出力モジュールを追加"),
+    ("", "Preview", "プレビュー"),
+    ("playback.toggle", "Play Current Preview", "現在のプレビューを再生"),
+    ("playback.cacheWhenIdle", "Cache Frames When Idle", "アイドル時にフレームをキャッシュ"),
+    ("playback.audio", "Audio", "オーディオ"),
+    ("", "Save Frame As", "フレームを保存"),
+    ("comp.saveFrameAs", "File...", "ファイル..."),
+    ("comp.saveFrameAsPsd", "Photoshop Layers...", "Photoshopレイヤー..."),
+    ("comp.saveFrameAsExr", "ProEXR...", "ProEXR..."),
+    ("render.preRender", "Pre-render...", "プリレンダリング..."),
+    ("render.saveCurrentPreview", "Save Current Preview...", "現在のプレビューを保存..."),
+    ("comp.openInEssentialGraphics", "Open in Essential Graphics", "エッセンシャルグラフィックスで開く"),
+    ("", "Responsive Design — Time", "レスポンシブデザイン — 時間"),
+    ("comp.responsiveTime", "Create Intro", "イントロを作成"),
+    ("comp.responsiveTime", "Create Outro", "アウトロを作成"),
+    ("comp.responsiveTime", "Create Protected Region from Work Area", "ワークエリアから保護領域を作成"),
+    ("comp.flowchart", "Composition Flowchart", "コンポジションフローチャート"),
+    ("comp.miniFlowchart", "Composition Mini-Flowchart", "コンポジションミニフローチャート"),
+    ("", "VR", "VR"),
+    ("comp.vr.createEnvironment", "Create VR Environment...", "VR環境を作成..."),
+    ("comp.vr.extractCubemap", "Extract Cubemap...", "キューブマップを抽出..."),
+    ("", "Layer", "レイヤー"),
+    ("layer.newText", "Text", "テキスト"),
+    ("layer.newSolid", "Solid...", "平面..."),
+    ("layer.newLight", "Light...", "ライト..."),
+    ("layer.newCamera", "Camera...", "カメラ..."),
+    ("layer.newNull", "Null Object", "ヌルオブジェクト"),
+    ("layer.newShape", "Shape Layer", "シェイプレイヤー"),
+    ("layer.newAdjustment", "Adjustment Layer", "調整レイヤー"),
+    ("layer.newContentAwareFill", "Content-Aware Fill Layer...", "コンテンツに応じた塗りつぶしレイヤー..."),
+    ("layer.new3dPrimitive", "Cube", "立方体"),
+    ("layer.new3dPrimitive", "Sphere", "球体"),
+    ("layer.new3dPrimitive", "Plane", "平面"),
+    ("layer.new3dPrimitive", "Torus", "トーラス"),
+    ("layer.new3dPrimitive", "Cone", "円錐"),
+    ("layer.new3dPrimitive", "Cylinder", "円柱"),
+    ("layer.settings", "Layer Settings...", "レイヤー設定..."),
+    ("layer.openLayer", "Open Layer", "レイヤーを開く"),
+    ("layer.openSource", "Open Layer Source", "レイヤーソースを開く"),
+    ("layer.revealInFinder", "Reveal in Finder", "Finderで表示"),
+    ("", "Mask", "マスク"),
+    ("layer.addMask", "New Mask", "新規マスク"),
+    ("layer.mask.shape", "Mask Shape...", "マスクのシェイプ..."),
+    ("layer.mask.set", "Mask Feather...", "マスクの境界のぼかし..."),
+    ("layer.mask.set", "Mask Opacity...", "マスクの不透明度..."),
+    ("layer.mask.set", "Mask Expansion...", "マスクの拡張..."),
+    ("layer.mask.reset", "Reset Mask", "マスクをリセット"),
+    ("layer.mask.remove", "Remove Mask", "マスクを削除"),
+    ("layer.mask.removeAll", "Remove All Masks", "すべてのマスクを削除"),
+    ("track.mask", "Track Mask", "マスクをトラック"),
+    ("", "Mode", "モード"),
+    ("layer.mask.mode", "None", "なし"),
+    ("layer.mask.mode", "Add", "加算"),
+    ("layer.mask.mode", "Subtract", "減算"),
+    ("layer.mask.mode", "Intersect", "交差"),
+    ("layer.mask.mode", "Lighten", "比較（明）"),
+    ("layer.mask.mode", "Darken", "比較（暗）"),
+    ("layer.mask.mode", "Difference", "差"),
+    ("layer.mask.invert", "Inverted", "反転"),
+    ("layer.mask.lock", "Locked", "ロック"),
+    ("", "Motion Blur", "モーションブラー"),
+    ("layer.mask.motionBlur", "Same As Layer", "レイヤーと同じ"),
+    ("layer.mask.motionBlur", "On", "オン"),
+    ("layer.mask.motionBlur", "Off", "オフ"),
+    ("", "Feather Falloff", "境界のぼかしの減衰"),
+    ("layer.mask.featherFalloff", "Smooth", "スムーズ"),
+    ("layer.mask.featherFalloff", "Linear", "リニア"),
+    ("layer.mask.unlockAll", "Unlock All Masks", "すべてのマスクのロックを解除"),
+    ("layer.mask.lockOthers", "Lock Other Masks", "ほかのマスクをロック"),
+    ("layer.mask.hideLocked", "Hide Locked Masks", "ロックしたマスクを非表示"),
+    ("", "Mask and Shape Path", "マスクとシェイプのパス"),
+    ("path.rotoBezier", "RotoBezier", "ロトベジェ"),
+    ("mask.setClosed", "Closed", "閉じたパス"),
+    ("path.convertToBezier", "Convert To Bezier Path", "ベジェパスに変換"),
+    ("path.setFirstVertex", "Set First Vertex", "最初の頂点を設定"),
+    ("path.freeTransform", "Free Transform Points", "ポイントを自由変形"),
+    ("", "Quality", "画質"),
+    ("layer.quality", "Best", "最高"),
+    ("layer.quality", "Draft", "ドラフト"),
+    ("layer.quality", "Wireframe", "ワイヤーフレーム"),
+    ("layer.sampling", "Bilinear", "バイリニア"),
+    ("layer.sampling", "Bicubic", "バイキュービック"),
+    ("", "Switches", "スイッチ"),
+    ("layer.hideOtherVideo", "Hide Other Video", "ほかのビデオを非表示"),
+    ("layer.showAllVideo", "Show All Video", "すべてのビデオを表示"),
+    ("layer.unlockAll", "Unlock All Layers", "すべてのレイヤーのロックを解除"),
+    ("layer.expressions", "Enable Expressions", "エクスプレッションを有効化"),
+    ("layer.expressions", "Disable Expressions", "エクスプレッションを無効化"),
+    ("layer.setSwitch", "Shy", "シャイ"),
+    ("layer.setSwitch", "Lock", "ロック"),
+    ("layer.setSwitch", "Audio", "オーディオ"),
+    ("layer.setSwitch", "Video", "ビデオ"),
+    ("layer.setSwitch", "Solo", "ソロ"),
+    ("layer.setSwitch", "Effect", "エフェクト"),
+    ("layer.setSwitch", "Collapse", "コラップス"),
+    ("layer.setSwitch", "Motion Blur", "モーションブラー"),
+    ("layer.setSwitch", "Adjustment Layer", "調整レイヤー"),
+    ("", "Transform", "トランスフォーム"),
+    ("layer.transform", "Reset", "リセット"),
+    ("layer.setTransform", "Anchor Point...", "アンカーポイント..."),
+    ("layer.setTransform", "Position...", "位置..."),
+    ("layer.setTransform", "Scale...", "スケール..."),
+    ("layer.setTransform", "Orientation...", "方向..."),
+    ("layer.setTransform", "Rotation...", "回転..."),
+    ("layer.setTransform", "Opacity...", "不透明度..."),
+    ("layer.transform", "Flip Horizontal", "水平方向に反転"),
+    ("layer.transform", "Flip Vertical", "垂直方向に反転"),
+    ("layer.transform", "Center In View", "ビューの中央に配置"),
+    ("layer.centerAnchor", "Center Anchor Point in Layer Content", "アンカーポイントをレイヤーコンテンツの中央に配置"),
+    ("layer.transform", "Fit to Comp", "コンポジションに合わせる"),
+    ("layer.transform", "Fit to Comp Width", "コンポジションの幅に合わせる"),
+    ("layer.transform", "Fit to Comp Height", "コンポジションの高さに合わせる"),
+    ("layer.autoOrient", "Auto-Orient...", "自動方向..."),
+    ("", "Time", "時間"),
+    ("layer.enableTimeRemap", "Enable Time Remapping", "タイムリマップ使用可能"),
+    ("layer.timeReverse", "Time-Reverse Layer", "時間反転レイヤー"),
+    ("layer.timeStretch", "Time Stretch...", "時間伸縮..."),
+    ("layer.freezeFrame", "Freeze Frame", "フレームを固定"),
+    ("layer.freezeOnLastFrame", "Freeze On Last Frame", "最後のフレームで固定"),
+    ("layer.alignVideoToData", "Align Video to Data", "ビデオをデータに整列"),
+    ("", "Frame Blending", "フレームブレンド"),
+    ("layer.frameBlending", "Off", "オフ"),
+    ("layer.frameBlending", "Frame Mix", "フレームミックス"),
+    ("layer.frameBlending", "Pixel Motion", "ピクセルモーション"),
+    ("layer.setSwitch", "3D Layer", "3Dレイヤー"),
+    ("layer.setSwitch", "Guide Layer", "ガイドレイヤー"),
+    ("layer.environment", "Environment Layer", "環境レイヤー"),
+    ("", "Markers", "マーカー"),
+    ("layer.addMarker", "Add Marker", "マーカーを追加"),
+    ("layer.updateMarkersFromSource", "Update Markers From Source", "ソースからマーカーを更新"),
+    ("layer.markersLock", "Lock Markers", "マーカーをロック"),
+    ("layer.deleteAllMarkers", "Delete All Markers", "すべてのマーカーを削除"),
+    ("layer.setSwitch", "Preserve Transparency", "透明部分を保持"),
+    ("", "Blending Mode", "描画モード"),
+    ("layer.setBlendMode", "Normal", "通常"),
+    ("layer.setBlendMode", "Dissolve", "ディザ合成"),
+    ("layer.setBlendMode", "Dancing Dissolve", "ダイナミックディザ合成"),
+    ("layer.setBlendMode", "Darken", "比較（暗）"),
+    ("layer.setBlendMode", "Multiply", "乗算"),
+    ("layer.setBlendMode", "Color Burn", "焼き込みカラー"),
+    ("layer.setBlendMode", "Classic Color Burn", "焼き込みカラー（クラシック）"),
+    ("layer.setBlendMode", "Linear Burn", "焼き込みリニア"),
+    ("layer.setBlendMode", "Darker Color", "カラー比較（暗）"),
+    ("layer.setBlendMode", "Add", "加算"),
+    ("layer.setBlendMode", "Lighten", "比較（明）"),
+    ("layer.setBlendMode", "Screen", "スクリーン"),
+    ("layer.setBlendMode", "Color Dodge", "覆い焼きカラー"),
+    ("layer.setBlendMode", "Classic Color Dodge", "覆い焼きカラー（クラシック）"),
+    ("layer.setBlendMode", "Linear Dodge", "覆い焼きリニア"),
+    ("layer.setBlendMode", "Lighter Color", "カラー比較（明）"),
+    ("layer.setBlendMode", "Overlay", "オーバーレイ"),
+    ("layer.setBlendMode", "Soft Light", "ソフトライト"),
+    ("layer.setBlendMode", "Hard Light", "ハードライト"),
+    ("layer.setBlendMode", "Linear Light", "リニアライト"),
+    ("layer.setBlendMode", "Vivid Light", "ビビッドライト"),
+    ("layer.setBlendMode", "Pin Light", "ピンライト"),
+    ("layer.setBlendMode", "Hard Mix", "ハードミックス"),
+    ("layer.setBlendMode", "Difference", "差"),
+    ("layer.setBlendMode", "Classic Difference", "差（クラシック）"),
+    ("layer.setBlendMode", "Exclusion", "除外"),
+    ("layer.setBlendMode", "Subtract", "減算"),
+    ("layer.setBlendMode", "Divide", "除算"),
+    ("layer.setBlendMode", "Hue", "色相"),
+    ("layer.setBlendMode", "Saturation", "彩度"),
+    ("layer.setBlendMode", "Color", "カラー"),
+    ("layer.setBlendMode", "Luminosity", "輝度"),
+    ("layer.setBlendMode", "Stencil Alpha", "ステンシルアルファ"),
+    ("layer.setBlendMode", "Stencil Luma", "ステンシルルミナンス"),
+    ("layer.setBlendMode", "Silhouette Alpha", "シルエットアルファ"),
+    ("layer.setBlendMode", "Silhouette Luma", "シルエットルミナンス"),
+    ("layer.setBlendMode", "Alpha Add", "アルファ加算"),
+    ("layer.setBlendMode", "Luminescent Premul", "ルミナンスプリマルチプライ"),
+    ("layer.setBlendMode", "Next Blending Mode", "次の描画モード"),
+    ("layer.setBlendMode", "Previous Blending Mode", "前の描画モード"),
+    ("", "Track Matte", "トラックマット"),
+    ("layer.trackMatte", "No Track Matte", "トラックマットなし"),
+    ("layer.trackMatte", "Alpha Matte", "アルファマット"),
+    ("layer.trackMatte", "Alpha Inverted Matte", "アルファ反転マット"),
+    ("layer.trackMatte", "Luma Matte", "ルミナンスマット"),
+    ("layer.trackMatte", "Luma Inverted Matte", "ルミナンス反転マット"),
+    ("layer.trackMatte", "Matte with Layer Above", "上のレイヤーをマットにする"),
+    ("layer.trackMatte", "Matte with Layer Below", "下のレイヤーをマットにする"),
+    ("", "Layer Styles", "レイヤースタイル"),
+    ("layer.style.options", "Layer Style Options...", "レイヤースタイルオプション..."),
+    ("layer.style.convertToEditable", "Convert to Editable Styles", "編集可能なスタイルに変換"),
+    ("layer.style.showAll", "Show All", "すべてを表示"),
+    ("layer.style.removeAll", "Remove All", "すべてを削除"),
+    ("layer.style.dropShadow", "Drop Shadow", "ドロップシャドウ"),
+    ("layer.style.innerShadow", "Inner Shadow", "シャドウ（内側）"),
+    ("layer.style.outerGlow", "Outer Glow", "光彩（外側）"),
+    ("layer.style.innerGlow", "Inner Glow", "光彩（内側）"),
+    ("layer.style.bevelEmboss", "Bevel and Emboss", "ベベルとエンボス"),
+    ("layer.style.satin", "Satin", "サテン"),
+    ("layer.style.colorOverlay", "Color Overlay", "カラーオーバーレイ"),
+    ("layer.style.gradientOverlay", "Gradient Overlay", "グラデーションオーバーレイ"),
+    ("layer.style.stroke", "Stroke", "境界線"),
+    ("path.groupShapes", "Group Shapes", "シェイプをグループ化"),
+    ("path.ungroupShapes", "Ungroup Shapes", "シェイプのグループ化を解除"),
+    ("", "Arrange", "重ね順"),
+    ("layer.arrange", "Bring Layer to Front", "レイヤーを最前面へ"),
+    ("layer.arrange", "Bring Layer Forward", "レイヤーを前面へ"),
+    ("layer.arrange", "Send Layer Backward", "レイヤーを背面へ"),
+    ("layer.arrange", "Send Layer to Back", "レイヤーを最背面へ"),
+    ("", "Reveal", "表示"),
+    ("layer.revealSource", "Reveal Layer Source in Project", "プロジェクト内のレイヤーソースを表示"),
+    ("comp.flowchart", "Reveal Layer in Project Flowchart", "プロジェクトフローチャート内のレイヤーを表示"),
+    ("comp.revealInProject", "Reveal Composition in Project", "プロジェクト内のコンポジションを表示"),
+    ("layer.revealExpressionErrors", "Reveal Expression Errors", "エクスプレッションエラーを表示"),
+    ("", "Create", "作成"),
+    ("layer.create", "Convert to Editable Text", "編集可能なテキストに変換"),
+    ("layer.create", "Create Shapes from Text", "テキストからシェイプを作成"),
+    ("layer.create", "Create Masks from Text", "テキストからマスクを作成"),
+    ("layer.create", "Create Shapes from Vector Layer", "ベクトルレイヤーからシェイプを作成"),
+    ("layer.create", "Create Keyframes from Data", "データからキーフレームを作成"),
+    ("layer.create", "Null Controllers for Positional Points", "位置のポイント用ヌルコントローラー"),
+    ("layer.create", "Null Controllers for Path Points", "パスのポイント用ヌルコントローラー"),
+    ("layer.create", "Nulls Following Path Points", "パスのポイントに追従するヌル"),
+    ("layer.create", "Null Tracing Along Path", "パスをトレースするヌル"),
+    ("layer.create", "Create 3D Layer Instance", "3Dレイヤーインスタンスを作成"),
+    ("", "Camera", "カメラ"),
+    ("camera.fromView", "Create Camera from 3D View", "3Dビューからカメラを作成"),
+    ("camera.stereoRig", "Create Stereo 3D Rig", "ステレオ3Dリグを作成"),
+    ("camera.orbitNull", "Create Orbit Null", "周回用ヌルを作成"),
+    ("camera.fromModel", "Create Cameras from 3D Model", "3Dモデルからカメラを作成"),
+    ("camera.linkFocusToPoi", "Link Focus Distance to Point of Interest", "フォーカス距離を目標点にリンク"),
+    ("camera.linkFocusToLayer", "Link Focus Distance to Layer", "フォーカス距離をレイヤーにリンク"),
+    ("camera.setFocusToLayer", "Set Focus Distance to Layer", "フォーカス距離をレイヤーに設定"),
+    ("layer.cameraSettings", "Camera Settings...", "カメラ設定..."),
+    ("view.reset3DView", "Reset 3D View", "3Dビューをリセット"),
+    ("", "Light", "ライト"),
+    ("light.fromModel", "Create Lights from 3D Model", "3Dモデルからライトを作成"),
+    ("light.controlWithCamera", "Control Light with Camera", "カメラでライトを制御"),
+    ("light.environmentBackground", "Create Environment Light Background Layer", "環境ライトの背景レイヤーを作成"),
+    ("", "Material", "マテリアル"),
+    ("material.revealSource", "Reveal Material Source in Project", "プロジェクト内のマテリアルソースを表示"),
+    ("material.reset", "Reset Material", "マテリアルをリセット"),
+    ("material.duplicateAssign", "Duplicate and Assign Material", "マテリアルを複製して割り当て"),
+    ("layer.autoTrace", "Auto-trace...", "オートトレース..."),
+    ("layer.precompose", "Pre-compose...", "プリコンポーズ..."),
+    ("layer.sceneEditDetection", "Scene Edit Detection...", "シーン編集の検出..."),
+    ("", "Effect", "エフェクト"),
+    ("window.panel", "Effect Controls", "エフェクトコントロール"),
+    ("effect.applyLast", "Last Effect", "最後に使用したエフェクト"),
+    ("effect.removeAll", "Remove All", "すべてを削除"),
+    ("effect.manage", "Manage Effects...", "エフェクトを管理..."),
+    ("effect.plugins.load", "Load Effect Plug-in...", "エフェクトプラグインを読み込み..."),
+    ("", "Animation", "アニメーション"),
+    ("anim.savePreset", "Save Animation Preset...", "アニメーションプリセットを保存..."),
+    ("anim.applyPreset", "Apply Animation Preset...", "アニメーションプリセットを適用..."),
+    ("", "Recent Animation Presets", "最近使用したアニメーションプリセット"),
+    ("anim.clearRecentPresets", "Clear Recent Presets", "最近使用したプリセットを消去"),
+    ("anim.browsePresets", "Browse Presets...", "プリセットを参照..."),
+    ("", "Text Animation Presets", "テキストアニメーションプリセット"),
+    ("layer.applyTextPreset", "Typewriter", "タイプライター"),
+    ("layer.applyTextPreset", "Fade Up Characters", "文字をフェードイン"),
+    ("layer.applyTextPreset", "Bounce In Words", "単語をバウンスイン"),
+    ("layer.applyTextPreset", "Tracking In", "トラッキングイン"),
+    ("layer.applyTextPreset", "Scramble", "スクランブル"),
+    ("layer.applyTextPreset", "Blur In", "ブラーイン"),
+    ("layer.applyTextPreset", "Jitter", "ジッター"),
+    ("layer.applyTextPreset", "Drop In Lines", "行をドロップイン"),
+    ("anim.addKeyframe", "Add Keyframe", "キーフレームを追加"),
+    ("keys.toggleHold", "Toggle Hold Keyframe", "停止したキーフレームの切り替え"),
+    ("keys.interpolation", "Keyframe Interpolation...", "キーフレーム補間法..."),
+    ("keys.velocity", "Keyframe Velocity...", "キーフレーム速度..."),
+    ("", "Keyframe Assistant", "キーフレーム補助"),
+    ("keys.audioToKeyframes", "Convert Audio to Keyframes", "オーディオをキーフレームに変換"),
+    ("prop.convertExpressionToKeyframes", "Convert Expression to Keyframes", "エクスプレッションをキーフレームに変換"),
+    ("keys.easyEase", "Easy Ease", "イージーイーズ"),
+    ("keys.easyEaseIn", "Easy Ease In", "イージーイーズイン"),
+    ("keys.easyEaseOut", "Easy Ease Out", "イージーイーズアウト"),
+    ("keys.exponentialScale", "Exponential Scale", "指数スケール"),
+    ("keys.rpfCameraImport", "RPF Camera Import", "RPFカメラの読み込み"),
+    ("layer.sequence", "Sequence Layers...", "シーケンスレイヤー..."),
+    ("keys.timeReverse", "Time-Reverse Keyframes", "時間反転キーフレーム"),
+    ("", "Animate Text", "テキストをアニメート"),
+    ("layer.enablePerChar3D", "Enable Per-character 3D", "文字ごとの3Dを使用可能にする"),
+    ("layer.addTextAnimator", "Anchor Point", "アンカーポイント"),
+    ("layer.addTextAnimator", "Position", "位置"),
+    ("layer.addTextAnimator", "Scale", "スケール"),
+    ("layer.addTextAnimator", "Skew", "傾斜"),
+    ("layer.addTextAnimator", "Rotation", "回転"),
+    ("layer.addTextAnimator", "Opacity", "不透明度"),
+    ("layer.addTextAnimator", "All Transform Properties", "すべてのトランスフォームプロパティ"),
+    ("", "Fill Color", "塗りのカラー"),
+    ("layer.addTextAnimator", "RGB", "RGB"),
+    ("layer.addTextAnimator", "Hue", "色相"),
+    ("layer.addTextAnimator", "Saturation", "彩度"),
+    ("layer.addTextAnimator", "Brightness", "明度"),
+    ("", "Stroke Color", "線のカラー"),
+    ("layer.addTextAnimator", "Stroke Width", "線幅"),
+    ("layer.addTextAnimator", "Tracking", "トラッキング"),
+    ("layer.addTextAnimator", "Line Anchor", "行のアンカー"),
+    ("layer.addTextAnimator", "Line Spacing", "行間"),
+    ("layer.addTextAnimator", "Character Offset", "文字のオフセット"),
+    ("layer.addTextAnimator", "Character Value", "文字の値"),
+    ("layer.addTextAnimator", "Blur", "ブラー"),
+    ("text.animatorFontAxes", "Variable Font Axes", "可変フォントの軸"),
+    ("", "Add Text Selector", "テキストセレクターを追加"),
+    ("text.addSelector", "Range", "範囲"),
+    ("text.addSelector", "Wiggly", "ウィグリー"),
+    ("text.addSelector", "Expression", "エクスプレッション"),
+    ("text.removeAllAnimators", "Remove All Text Animators", "すべてのテキストアニメーターを削除"),
+    ("prop.setExpression", "Add Expression", "エクスプレッションを追加"),
+    ("essential.addProperty", "Add Property to Essential Graphics", "エッセンシャルグラフィックスにプロパティを追加"),
+    ("prop.separateDimensions", "Separate Dimensions", "次元に分割"),
+    ("track.camera", "Track Camera", "カメラをトラック"),
+    ("track.warpStabilizer", "Warp Stabilizer VFX", "ワープスタビライザーVFX"),
+    ("track.motion", "Track Motion", "モーションをトラック"),
+    ("track.stabilize", "Stabilize Motion", "モーションをスタビライズ"),
+    ("track.property", "Track this Property", "このプロパティをトラック"),
+    ("anim.reveal", "Reveal Properties with Keyframes", "キーフレームのあるプロパティを表示"),
+    ("anim.reveal", "Reveal Properties with Animation", "アニメーションのあるプロパティを表示"),
+    ("anim.reveal", "Reveal All Modified Properties", "変更されたすべてのプロパティを表示"),
+    ("", "View", "表示"),
+    ("view.newViewer", "New Viewer", "新規ビューアー"),
+    ("view.splitLockedViewer", "Split with New Locked Viewer", "新規ロック済みビューアーで分割"),
+    ("view.zoomIn", "Zoom In", "ズームイン"),
+    ("view.zoomOut", "Zoom Out", "ズームアウト"),
+    ("", "Resolution", "解像度"),
+    ("view.res.full", "Full", "フル画質"),
+    ("view.res.half", "Half", "1/2画質"),
+    ("view.res.third", "Third", "1/3画質"),
+    ("view.res.quarter", "Quarter", "1/4画質"),
+    ("view.res.custom", "Custom...", "カスタム..."),
+    ("view.displayColorManagement", "Use Display Color Management", "ディスプレイカラーマネジメントを使用"),
+    ("", "Simulate Output", "出力をシミュレート"),
+    ("view.simulateOutput", "No Output Simulation", "出力シミュレーションなし"),
+    ("view.simulateOutput", "HDTV (Rec. 709)", "HDTV (Rec. 709)"),
+    ("view.simulateOutput", "SDTV NTSC", "SDTV NTSC"),
+    ("view.simulateOutput", "SDTV PAL", "SDTV PAL"),
+    ("view.simulateOutput", "Legacy Macintosh RGB (Gamma 1.8)", "従来のMacintosh RGB（ガンマ1.8）"),
+    ("view.simulateOutput", "Internet Standard RGB (sRGB)", "インターネット標準RGB (sRGB)"),
+    ("view.simulateOutput", "UHDTV (Rec. 2020)", "UHDTV (Rec. 2020)"),
+    ("view.simulateOutput", "Display P3", "Display P3"),
+    ("view.simulateOutput", "Linear (1.0 Gamma)", "リニア（ガンマ1.0）"),
+    ("view.customRgb", "My Custom RGB...", "カスタムRGB..."),
+    ("view.simulateOutput", "Custom...", "カスタム..."),
+    ("view.rulers", "Show Rulers", "定規を表示"),
+    ("", "Panel Background Color", "パネル背景色"),
+    ("view.panelBackground", "Black", "ブラック"),
+    ("view.panelBackground", "Dark Gray", "ダークグレー"),
+    ("view.panelBackground", "Medium Gray (Default)", "ミディアムグレー（初期設定）"),
+    ("view.panelBackground", "Light Gray", "ライトグレー"),
+    ("view.panelBackground", "White", "ホワイト"),
+    ("view.panelBackground", "Custom", "カスタム"),
+    ("view.panelBackground", "Select Custom Background Color...", "カスタム背景色を選択..."),
+    ("view.guides", "Show Guides", "ガイドを表示"),
+    ("view.snapToGuides", "Snap to Guides", "ガイドにスナップ"),
+    ("view.lockGuides", "Lock Guides", "ガイドをロック"),
+    ("view.addGuide", "Add Guide...", "ガイドを追加..."),
+    ("view.clearGuides", "Clear Guides", "ガイドを消去"),
+    ("view.importGuides", "Import Guides...", "ガイドを読み込み..."),
+    ("view.exportGuides", "Export Guides...", "ガイドを書き出し..."),
+    ("view.grid", "Show Grid", "グリッドを表示"),
+    ("view.snapToGrid", "Snap to Grid", "グリッドにスナップ"),
+    ("view.snapping", "Snapping", "スナップ"),
+    ("view.options", "View Options...", "表示オプション..."),
+    ("view.layerControls", "Show Layer Controls", "レイヤーコントロールを表示"),
+    ("", "Switch View Layout", "ビューレイアウトを切り替え"),
+    ("view.layout", "1 View", "1画面"),
+    ("view.layout", "2 Views", "2画面"),
+    ("view.layout", "4 Views", "4画面"),
+    ("view.shareViewOptions", "Share View Options", "表示オプションを共有"),
+    ("", "Switch 3D View", "3Dビューを切り替え"),
+    ("view.3d.activeCamera", "Active Camera", "アクティブカメラ"),
+    ("view.3d.default", "Default", "初期設定"),
+    ("view.3d.front", "Front", "フロント"),
+    ("view.3d.left", "Left", "レフト"),
+    ("view.3d.top", "Top", "トップ"),
+    ("view.3d.back", "Back", "バック"),
+    ("view.3d.right", "Right", "ライト"),
+    ("view.3d.bottom", "Bottom", "ボトム"),
+    ("view.3d.custom1", "Custom View 1", "カスタムビュー1"),
+    ("view.3d.custom2", "Custom View 2", "カスタムビュー2"),
+    ("view.3d.custom3", "Custom View 3", "カスタムビュー3"),
+    ("", "Assign Shortcut to 3D View", "3Dビューにショートカットを割り当て"),
+    ("view.3d.last", "Switch to Last 3D View", "最後の3Dビューに切り替え"),
+    ("view.lookAtSelected", "Look at Selected Layers", "選択したレイヤーを見る"),
+    ("view.lookAtAll", "Look at All Layers", "すべてのレイヤーを見る"),
+    ("time.set", "Go to Time...", "時間へ移動..."),
+    ("view.fullScreen", "Enter Full Screen", "フルスクリーンにする"),
+    ("", "Window", "ウィンドウ"),
+    ("", "Workspace", "ワークスペース"),
+    ("window.workspace", "Default", "初期設定"),
+    ("window.workspace", "Review", "レビュー"),
+    ("window.workspace", "Learn", "学習"),
+    ("window.workspace", "Small Screen", "小画面"),
+    ("window.workspace", "Standard", "標準"),
+    ("window.workspace", "All Panels", "すべてのパネル"),
+    ("window.workspace", "Animation", "アニメーション"),
+    ("window.workspace", "Color", "カラー"),
+    ("window.workspace", "Effects", "エフェクト"),
+    ("window.workspace", "Essential Graphics", "エッセンシャルグラフィックス"),
+    ("window.workspace", "Minimal", "最小"),
+    ("window.workspace", "Motion Tracking", "モーショントラッキング"),
+    ("window.workspace", "Paint", "ペイント"),
+    ("window.workspace", "Text", "テキスト"),
+    ("window.workspace", "Undocked Panels", "ドッキング解除したパネル"),
+    ("window.resetWorkspace", "Reset to Saved Layout", "保存したレイアウトにリセット"),
+    ("window.saveWorkspace", "Save Changes to this Workspace", "このワークスペースの変更を保存"),
+    ("window.saveWorkspaceAs", "Save as New Workspace...", "新規ワークスペースとして保存..."),
+    ("window.editWorkspaces", "Edit Workspaces...", "ワークスペースを編集..."),
+    ("", "Assign Shortcut to Workspace", "ワークスペースにショートカットを割り当て"),
+    ("window.panel", "Align", "整列"),
+    ("window.panel", "Audio", "オーディオ"),
+    ("window.panel", "Brushes", "ブラシ"),
+    ("window.panel", "Character", "文字"),
+    ("window.panel", "Content-Aware Fill", "コンテンツに応じた塗りつぶし"),
+    ("window.panel", "Effects & Presets", "エフェクト＆プリセット"),
+    ("window.panel", "Essential Graphics", "エッセンシャルグラフィックス"),
+    ("window.panel", "Info", "情報"),
+    ("help.inAppTutorials", "Learn", "学習"),
+    ("window.panel", "Lumetri Scopes", "Lumetriスコープ"),
+    ("window.panel", "Mask Interpolation", "マスク補間"),
+    ("window.panel", "Media Browser", "メディアブラウザー"),
+    ("window.panel", "Metadata", "メタデータ"),
+    ("window.panel", "Motion Sketch", "モーションスケッチ"),
+    ("window.panel", "Paint", "ペイント"),
+    ("window.panel", "Paragraph", "段落"),
+    ("window.panel", "Preview", "プレビュー"),
+    ("window.panel", "Progress", "進行状況"),
+    ("window.panel", "Properties", "プロパティ"),
+    ("window.panel", "Script Console", "スクリプトコンソール"),
+    ("window.panel", "Smoother", "スムーザー"),
+    ("window.panel", "Tools", "ツール"),
+    ("window.panel", "Tracker", "トラッカー"),
+    ("window.panel", "Wiggler", "ウィグラー"),
+    ("window.panel", "Composition", "コンポジション"),
+    ("window.panel", "Flowchart", "フローチャート"),
+    ("window.panel", "Footage", "フッテージ"),
+    ("window.panel", "Layer", "レイヤー"),
+    ("window.panel", "Project", "プロジェクト"),
+    ("window.panel", "Render Queue", "レンダーキュー"),
+    ("window.panel", "Timeline", "タイムライン"),
+    ("window.panel", "Create Nulls From Paths", "パスからヌルを作成"),
+    ("window.panel", "VR Comp Editor", "VRコンポジションエディター"),
+    ("", "Help", "ヘルプ"),
+    ("help.docs", "EffectCraft Help...", "EffectCraftヘルプ..."),
+    ("help.docs", "Scripting Help...", "スクリプトヘルプ..."),
+    ("help.docs", "Expression Reference...", "エクスプレッションリファレンス..."),
+    ("help.docs", "Effect Reference...", "エフェクトリファレンス..."),
+    ("anim.browsePresets", "Animation Presets...", "アニメーションプリセット..."),
+    ("app.keyboardShortcuts", "Keyboard Shortcuts...", "キーボードショートカット..."),
+    ("help.inAppTutorials", "In-App Tutorials...", "アプリ内チュートリアル..."),
+    ("help.onlineTutorials", "Online Tutorials...", "オンラインチュートリアル..."),
+    ("help.systemReport", "System Compatibility Report...", "システム互換性レポート..."),
+    ("help.enableLogging", "Enable Logging", "ログ記録を有効化"),
+    ("help.revealLogFile", "Reveal Logging File", "ログファイルを表示"),
+    ("help.discord", "Join the ArtCraft Discord...", "ArtCraft Discordに参加..."),
+    ("help.reportIssue", "Provide Feedback...", "フィードバックを送信..."),
+    ("help.website", "ArtCraft Website", "ArtCraftウェブサイト"),
+    ("help.appPage", "EffectCraft Home Page", "EffectCraftホームページ"),
+    ("help.github", "EffectCraft on GitHub", "GitHubのEffectCraft"),
+    ("file.openDemoProject", "Open Demo Project", "デモプロジェクトを開く"),
+];
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+    use effectcraft_engine::menus::{MenuNode, TREE, parse};
+    use serde_json::json;
+    use std::collections::BTreeSet;
+
+    fn keys(nodes: &[MenuNode], out: &mut BTreeSet<(String, String)>) {
+        for node in nodes {
+            match node {
+                MenuNode::Item(e) => {
+                    out.insert((e.command.clone(), e.label.clone()));
+                }
+                MenuNode::Submenu { label, children } => {
+                    out.insert((String::new(), label.clone()));
+                    keys(children, out);
+                }
+                _ => {}
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn every_translation_key_exists_in_the_actual_menu_tree() {
+        let mut actual = BTreeSet::new();
+        for mac in [false, true] {
+            keys(&parse(TREE, mac).unwrap(), &mut actual);
+        }
+        let mut unique = BTreeSet::new();
+        for (command, en, ja) in JAPANESE {
+            let key = (command.to_string(), en.to_string());
+            assert!(actual.contains(&key), "stale translation: {key:?}");
+            assert!(unique.insert(key), "duplicate translation: {command} / {en}");
+            assert!(!ja.is_empty());
+        }
+        // All fixed TREE entries are covered; @effects is a generated plug-in catalog,
+        // whose product/effect names are intentionally left as registered.
+        for line in TREE.lines() {
+            let line = line.trim().trim_start_matches("[mac] ").trim_start_matches("[!mac] ");
+            if line.is_empty() || line == "---" || line.starts_with('@') {
+                continue;
+            }
+            let mut parts = line.split(" | ");
+            let en = parts.next().unwrap();
+            let command = parts.next().and_then(|p| p.split_whitespace().next()).unwrap_or("");
+            assert!(unique.contains(&(command.into(), en.into())), "untranslated fixed entry: {line}");
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn language_changes_native_labels_without_changing_commands_or_parameters() {
+        let mut app = EffectcraftApp::new(effectcraft_engine::Session::default());
+        let en = crate::native_menu::build(&app);
+        let state = crate::native_menu::state_key(&app);
+        app.session.execute("prefs.set", json!({"key":"general.language", "value":"ja"})).unwrap();
+        assert_ne!(state, crate::native_menu::state_key(&app));
+        let ja = crate::native_menu::build(&app);
+        let bindings = |menu: &crate::native_menu::NativeMenu| {
+            menu.items().into_iter().map(|i| (i.id.clone(), i.command.clone(), i.params.clone(), i.shortcut.clone(), i.enabled, i.checked)).collect::<Vec<_>>()
+        };
+        assert_eq!(bindings(&en), bindings(&ja));
+        assert_eq!(label(&app, "unknown.command", "Text"), "Text");
+        assert_eq!(
+            entry(
+                &app,
+                &MenuEntry { label: "Layer".into(), command: "window.panel".into(), params: json!({"panel":"layer"}), shortcut: None },
+                "Layer: File".into()
+            ),
+            "レイヤー: File"
+        );
+        assert!(ja.items().iter().any(|i| i.command == "comp.new" && i.label == "新規コンポジション..."));
+        assert!(ja.items().iter().any(|i| i.command == "layer.newText" && i.label == "テキスト"));
+        assert!(ja.items().iter().any(|i| i.command == "keys.easyEase" && i.label == "イージーイーズ"));
+        app.session.prefs.push_recent("/tmp/File.ecproj");
+        assert!(crate::native_menu::build(&app).items().iter().any(|i| i.command == "file.openRecent" && i.label == "File.ecproj"));
+        app.session.execute("prefs.set", json!({"key":"general.language", "value":"en"})).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(label(&app, "", "Composition"), "Composition");
+    }
+    #[test]
+    fn general_settings_exposes_the_language_automation_id() {
+        let mut app = EffectcraftApp::new(effectcraft_engine::Session::default());
+        let ctx = egui::Context::default();
+        let tokens = crate::theme::Tokens::for_kind(crate::theme::ThemeKind::Dark);
+        crate::theme::install(&ctx, &tokens);
+        crate::panels::settings::open(&mut app, "general");
+        let _ = ctx.run_ui(egui::RawInput::default(), |_| {
+            crate::panels::settings::show(&mut app, &ctx, &tokens);
+        });
+        assert!(app.auto.find("settings.general.language").is_some());
+    }
+}

crates/ui-egui/src/lib.rs

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ pub mod dock;
 pub mod dock_ui;
 pub mod frames;
 pub mod header;
+pub mod i18n;
 pub mod icons;
 pub mod menus;
 pub mod native_menu;

crates/ui-egui/src/menus.rs

@@ -1066,7 +1066,7 @@ pub fn menus() -> Vec<&'static str> {
 }
 
 pub(crate) fn entry_label(app: &EffectcraftApp, e: &MenuEntry) -> String {
-    match e.command.as_str() {
+    let shown = match e.command.as_str() {
         "edit.undo" => app.session.history.undo.last().map(|u| format!("Undo {}", u.0)).unwrap_or_else(|| "Can't Undo".into()),
         "edit.redo" => app.session.history.redo.last().map(|u| format!("Redo {}", u.0)).unwrap_or_else(|| "Can't Redo".into()),
         // Window ▸ Layer: the layer open in the Layer panel.
@@ -1079,7 +1079,8 @@ pub(crate) fn entry_label(app: &EffectcraftApp, e: &MenuEntry) -> String {
             format!("Layer: {}", name.unwrap_or_else(|| "(none)".into()))
         }
         _ => effectcraft_engine::menus::entry_label(&app.session, e),
-    }
+    };
+    crate::i18n::entry(app, e, shown)
 }
 
 /// The entry's shortcut in the active keyboard shortcut preset.
@@ -1345,7 +1346,7 @@ pub fn menu_bar(app: &mut EffectcraftApp, ui: &mut egui::Ui) {
         egui::MenuBar::new().ui(ui, |ui| {
             for node in effectcraft_engine::menus::menu_bar() {
                 if let MenuNode::Submenu { label, children } = node {
-                    let r = ui.menu_button(label, |ui| {
+                    let r = ui.menu_button(crate::i18n::label(app, "", label), |ui| {
                         ui.set_min_width(if label == "Effect" { 200.0 } else { 280.0 });
                         menu_nodes(app, ui, children, &mut clicked);
                     });
@@ -1397,7 +1398,7 @@ fn menu_nodes(app: &mut EffectcraftApp, ui: &mut egui::Ui, nodes: &[MenuNode], c
             }
             MenuNode::Submenu { label, children } => {
                 let ws = app.ui.workspace.clone();
-                let shown = effectcraft_engine::menus::submenu_label(&app.session, label, &dyn_ctx(&ws));
+                let shown = crate::i18n::submenu(app, label, effectcraft_engine::menus::submenu_label(&app.session, label, &dyn_ctx(&ws)));
                 ui.menu_button((gutter(false), shown.as_str()), |ui| {
                     ui.set_min_width(if children.len() > 30 { 200.0 } else { 240.0 });
                     // Long submenus (Blending Mode, effect categories) scroll instead of running

crates/ui-egui/src/native_menu.rs

@@ -168,7 +168,7 @@ pub fn build(app: &EffectcraftApp) -> NativeMenu {
                     let mut kids = vec![];
                     rec(app, children, &id, &mut kids);
                     let shown = effectcraft_engine::menus::submenu_label(&app.session, label, &crate::menus::dyn_ctx(&app.ui.workspace));
-                    out.push(NativeNode::Submenu { label: shown, children: kids });
+                    out.push(NativeNode::Submenu { label: crate::i18n::submenu(app, label, shown), children: kids });
                 }
                 MenuNode::Item(e) => {
                     let role = match e.command.as_str() {
@@ -180,11 +180,15 @@ pub fn build(app: &EffectcraftApp) -> NativeMenu {
                     if let Some(role) = role {
                         // Services sits just above Hide, as in every Mac app.
                         if role == Role::Hide && !services_added {
-                            out.push(NativeNode::Predefined { role: Role::Services, label: "Services".into(), command: String::new() });
+                            out.push(NativeNode::Predefined {
+                                role: Role::Services,
+                                label: if crate::i18n::japanese(app) { "サービス" } else { "Services" }.into(),
+                                command: String::new(),
+                            });
                             out.push(NativeNode::Separator);
                             services_added = true;
                         }
-                        out.push(NativeNode::Predefined { role, label: e.label.clone(), command: e.command.clone() });
+                        out.push(NativeNode::Predefined { role, label: crate::i18n::label(app, &e.command, &e.label).into(), command: e.command.clone() });
                         continue;
                     }
                     let shortcut = crate::menus::entry_shortcut(app, e);

crates/ui-egui/src/theme.rs

@@ -280,6 +280,24 @@ pub fn install(ctx: &egui::Context, t: &Tokens) {
     fonts.families.entry(FontFamily::Monospace).or_default().insert(0, "jbmono".into());
     fonts.families.insert(FontFamily::Name("semibold".into()), vec!["inter-semibold".into(), "inter".into()]);
     fonts.families.insert(FontFamily::Name("medium".into()), vec!["inter-medium".into(), "inter".into()]);
+    // Reuse the text engine's script-aware system fallback (#84), without embedding a CJK font.
+    #[cfg(not(target_arch = "wasm32"))]
+    {
+        use effectcraft_text::fonts;
+        let base = fonts::resolve("Inter", "Regular").face;
+        let face = fonts::face(fonts::fallback_for('あ', base));
+        if face.has_char('あ')
+            && let Some(font) = face.font()
+        {
+            // Use the already-read, parsed bytes rather than reading a font file twice.
+            let mut data = FontData::from_owned(font.data().as_bytes().to_vec());
+            data.index = face.info.index;
+            fonts.font_data.insert("japanese-system".into(), Arc::new(data));
+            for family in fonts.families.values_mut() {
+                family.push("japanese-system".into());
+            }
+        }
+    }
     ctx.set_fonts(fonts);
     apply_visuals(ctx, t);
 }
@@ -333,3 +351,40 @@ pub fn apply_visuals(ctx: &egui::Context, t: &Tokens) {
         s.animation_time = 0.1;
     });
 }
+
+#[cfg(all(test, not(target_arch = "wasm32")))]
+mod japanese_font_tests {
+    #[test]
+    fn installed_japanese_fallback_is_available_in_all_ui_families() {
+        use effectcraft_text::fonts;
+        let base = fonts::resolve("Inter", "Regular").face;
+        if !fonts::face(fonts::fallback_for('あ', base)).has_char('あ') {
+            eprintln!("no Japanese system font installed; skipping glyph coverage");
+            return;
+        }
+        let ctx = egui::Context::default();
+        super::install(&ctx, &super::Tokens::for_kind(super::ThemeKind::Dark));
+        let _ = ctx.run_ui(egui::RawInput::default(), |_| {});
+        ctx.fonts_mut(|fonts| {
+            for family in [
+                egui::FontFamily::Proportional,
+                egui::FontFamily::Monospace,
+                egui::FontFamily::Name("medium".into()),
+                egui::FontFamily::Name("semibold".into()),
+            ] {
+                let font = egui::FontId::new(13.0, family);
+                // epaint 0.36's has_glyph compares face keys, so it reports a false
+                // negative when a real Japanese glyph shares the replacement face.
+                // Check the rendered atlas glyph instead of that face-level predicate.
+                let missing = fonts.layout_no_wrap("\u{10ffff}".into(), font.clone(), egui::Color32::WHITE);
+                let missing_uv = missing.rows[0].glyphs[0].uv_rect;
+                for ch in "日本語コンポジションレイヤーエフェクト設定".chars() {
+                    let rendered = fonts.layout_no_wrap(ch.to_string(), font.clone(), egui::Color32::WHITE);
+                    let uv = rendered.rows[0].glyphs[0].uv_rect;
+                    assert!(uv.size.x > 0.0 && uv.size.y > 0.0, "empty {ch} in {font:?}");
+                    assert_ne!((uv.min, uv.max), (missing_uv.min, missing_uv.max), "replacement glyph for {ch} in {font:?}");
+                }
+            }
+        });
+    }
+}

docs/preferences.md

@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ Commands (CLI, MCP, control channel):
 
 ### Settings that change behaviour
 
+- `general.language`: interface language (`en` / `ja`), Settings ▸ General ▸ Language; menu labels change immediately. Native Japanese UI uses installed system fonts; the web host must supply a Japanese font.
 - `general.undoLevels`: Levels of Undo
 - `general.pathPointSize`: Path Point and Handle Size
 - `general.recentItems`: Recent Projects Shown